Miejscownik
LocativeMiejscownik from miejsce = "a place." Never used without a preposition.
Endings
Nouns
| Gender | Ending | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Masculine (animate) | -e (softening) / -u (soft/k/g/ch) | kot→kocie, autobus→autobusie, pociąg→pociągu, syn→synu, dom→domuSoftening: p→pie, n→nie, s→sie, t→cie, d→dzie, ł→le, r→rze |
| Masculine (inanimate) | -e (softening) / -u (soft/k/g/ch) | stół→stole, samochód→samochodzie, dach→dachu |
| Neuter | -e / -u (after k/g) | okno→oknie, dziecko→dziecku, jezioro→jeziorze, morze→morzu |
| Feminine | -e (with softening, incl. k→c, g→dz) / -y (hist. soft) / -i (soft/-ia/-ja) | mama→mamie, szkoła→szkole, Polska→Polsce, kierowca→kierowcy, lekcja→lekcji |
Adjectives
| Gender | Ending | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Masculine (animate) | -ym / -im (after k/g) | o dobrym psie (about the good dog), o wysokim mężczyźnie (about the tall man) |
| Masculine (inanimate) | -ym / -im (after k/g) | o dobrym domu (about the good house), o długim stole (about the long table) |
| Neuter | -ym / -im (after k/g) | o dobrym mleku (about the good milk), w wysokim oknie (in the tall window) |
| Feminine | -ej / -iej (after k/g) | o dobrej kawie (about the good coffee), o wysokiej kobiecie (about the tall woman) |
When to use it
Static spatial location
Where something is located — with prepositions w/na/przy/po.
Mieszka w małym mieście.
← małe miasto
She lives in a small town.
Topic of speech or thought
"About" someone or something — with preposition "o".
Myślę o nowym filmie.
← nowy film
I am thinking about the new film.
Months and time
"In [month]" or "at [time]" uses locative.
W zeszłym miesiącu padał śnieg.
← zeszły miesiąc
Last month it snowed.
Trigger words
These words force this case — memorize the reflex.
Jestem w domu.
I am at home.
Jestem na spotkaniu.
I am at a meeting.
Myślę o mamie.
I am thinking about mom.
Siedzi przy oknie.
She is sitting by the window.
Po pracy idę do sklepu.
After work I go to the store.
V = verb · P = preposition · C = context · A = adjective
Watch out — overlaps with other cases
Static vs. kinetic with w/na: location → locative; movement toward → accusative
Locative (static)
Jestem na spotkaniu.
I am at a meeting.
Accusative (moving)
Idę na spotkanie.
I am going to a meeting.
Adjective endings -ym/-im are shared between locative masc/neut and instrumental masc/neut
Locative
Mówię o dobrym filmie.
I talk about a good film.
Instrumental
Jadę dobrym pociągiem.
I travel by a good train.